胶体金免疫层析法检测牛奶中的环丙沙星残留

环丙沙星是恩诺沙星的代谢产物,伴随恩诺沙星在畜牧养殖中广泛应用,从而导致奶牛生产出来的牛奶中可能存在环丙沙星残留。为保障人们的身体健康,监测牛奶环丙沙星残留情况十分必要。本研究试图借助胶体金免疫层析法实现对牛奶环丙沙星残留的检测,结果表明,胶体金免疫层析法可以用来快速检测牛奶中的环丙沙星残留,值得在现场快速筛查中推广使用。     

果然多奶茶品牌竞争策略研究

论文基于果然多奶茶的品牌竞争策略,分析果然多现有的品牌策略,并且通过设计问卷,进行调查搜集数据找到果然多品牌竞争中存在的问题和原因,最后对其出现的问题提出相应的对策。     

发酵型鸡油菌孢子饮料的研制

主要探讨了以鸡油菌为原料,利用鸡油菌孢子液体深层发酵,获得菌丝体与发酵液的混合液。通过单因素试验及多因素多水平的正交试验确定出饮料的最佳配方,制作鸡油菌孢子发酵型饮料。对鸡油菌孢子发酵型饮料进行了感官质量的评定,结果表明:发酵120 h时发酵液的感官最好,多糖含量最高,发酵饮料的因素影响主次顺序为发酵液>稳定剂>柠檬酸>白砂糖,发酵饮料的配方以46%的发酵液、0.22%的柠檬酸、0.18%的稳定剂(CMC-Na)、7.5%的白砂糖时制得的发酵饮料品质最佳。     

Short‐ and Long‐Run Policy Evaluation: Support for Grassland‐Based Milk Production in Switzerland

Following the abolition of the milk quota in 2008, farmers in Switzerland strongly increased the use of concentrate feed in milk production. Against this background, the Swiss government introduced the voluntary grassland‐based milk and meat (GMF) programme in 2014, which combines economic incentives with feeding restrictions to reduce the reliance on concentrate feed and increase the use of grass feed. We analyse the economic and ecological impacts of the GMF programme at the farm and at the sector level in the short‐ and long‐run. We use a difference‐in‐differences approach (ex‐post) and an agent‐based simulation model SWISSland (ex‐ante) to construct counterfactual states to evaluate the programme's impacts. We find that the GMF programme reduces the use of concentrate feed and increases the use of grass feed in Swiss milk production. Whereas the programme has a positive effect on economic indicators such as the farm income, we find no effect on ecological indicators such as the N surplus. Our analysis suggests that feeding restrictions on concentrate feed are not enough to achieve a reduction in the N surplus. Additional feeding restrictions on grassland are necessary. Furthermore, the GMF programme has a dampening effect on sectoral milk supply, and leads to a higher milk price.     

中国农户原料奶生产经济效率分析

本研究利用笔者对黑龙江、山西、内蒙古、四川、天津、北京6个省（自治区、直辖市）702户奶牛养殖户的调查数据，采用随机边界函数方法，分析了农户原料奶生产的技术效率、配置效率及其各自的影响因素。估计结果表明：样本农户平均技术效率为73．18％，平均配置效率达到84．04％。在各种影响技术效率、配置效率的因素中，扩大饲养规模可以提高农户奶牛生产的技术效率以及配置效率，养牛时间越久，对技术效率、配置效率提高越有利；在奶牛饲喂中适当增加青粗饲料投入、调整精粗饲料配比，以及对农户进行相关培训则可以提高技术效率；而受教育程度仅对配置效率产生正向影响。结果还表明，在城市郊区的养牛农户的技术效率、配置效率均明显低于其他地区农户；黑龙江农户技术效率在1％水平上明显高于其他省（自治区、直辖市）农户；四川养牛农户技术效率在10％水平下高于其他地区农户；而山西农户不仅技术效率在1％水平上明显低于样本中其他地区农户，而且配置效率在5％显著水平上也低于样本中其他省（自治区、直辖市）农户奶牛养殖配置效率。     

Consumer Acceptance of Camel Milk in Emerging Economy

Abstract

Camel is considered as an indispensable part of desert eco-framework across the globe. Apart from helping in transport, it is also used for its milk. Camel's milk is used worldwide because of its salty taste. However, it has many beneficial effects such as cure for autism and helps to control diabetes, allergy, and also prevents liver cirrhosis. Objective of this study is to analyze the ways to make people purchase and consume camel milk. In the last few years, awareness about nutritional and medicinal benefits of camel milk has rapidly increased. Consequently, the demand of the product has also increased. Objective of this article is to analyze the consumers’ willingness to buy camel milk before and after knowing its health benefits. It also explores the linkage between lifestyle diseases and consumer’s willingness to buy. We analyzed data in two stages. Initially, we did qualitative analysis with twitter text mining to understand customer’s sentiments about camel milk. Later, primary data was collected through structured questionnaire from a sample of 120 respondents by convenience sampling for quantitative analysis. There is a significant increase in the proportion of people willing to buy camel milk and once they were aware of the benefits, people are willing to buy more after knowing the benefits. People exposed to lifestyle diseases are more willing to buy camel milk. Hence, support of market-based awareness campaigns to stimulate demand for quality camel milk among consumers can be realized through information dissemination and awareness campaign.     

基于气相色谱顶空进样法测定杏仁露中氰化物的含量

目的:建立气相色谱顶空进样法测定杏仁露中氰化物含量,并采用此方法对市场销售的50批样品进行检测并评价。方法:摸索样品提取方法,优化气相色谱条件,以顶空进样器注入气相色谱仪进行分离,电子捕获检测器进行检测。以加标回收率为指标,对方法及前处理进行评价。结果:该方法在0.001~0.100 mg·L^-1范围内线性相关系数r为0.99581,精密度为3.7%,重复性RSD为2.2%,小于标准方法中对顶空进样要求的15%,加标回收率在93.3%以上,并且50批杏仁露中氰化物含量均符合规定。结论:该方法操作简单、灵敏度高,结果准确度高,能为食品监督管理部门检测人员提供参考依据。     

Direct medical costs associated with atopic diseases among young children in Thailand

Abstract

Objective:

Allergic diseases are the most common childhood illness in Thailand. Their prevalence has been rising over time, with several studies having revealed substantial economic burden. However, no such study had yet been conducted for Thailand. The aim of this study was to estimate direct medical costs associated with atopic diseases among children aged 0–5 years in Thailand.

Research design and methods:

A cost-of-illness model was constructed to estimate the total direct medical costs of atopic diseases comprising atopic dermatitis, chronic rhinitis, asthma (i.e., recurrent wheeze), and cow’s milk allergy. The model employed a prevalence-based approach, considering a total number of atopic cases in 2010. Direct medical costs were estimated using a bottom-up analysis with the estimation of the quantity of healthcare resource use and the unit costs. Epidemiological data were obtained from literature and Thai surveys, whereas treatment unit costs were from either a hospital database or Thai standard cost list. Expert opinion informed type, frequency, and quantity of medical resources utilized. Key limitations included lack of data-driven evidences on severity distribution for this particular age group, indirect costs, and medical resource use associated with each condition.

Results:

Total direct cost was estimated to be THB 27.8 billion (US$899 million). Treatments contributed largest to the total costs (46%), followed by inpatient care (37%), outpatient care (12%), and monitoring and labs (5%). Costs per treated patient were highest in cow’s milk allergy (THB 64,383; US$2077), followed by rhinitis (THB 12,669; US$409), asthma (THB 9633; US$312), and atopic dermatitis (THB 5432; US$175).

Conclusion:

Atopic diseases in young children are associated with substantial burden in direct medical costs to Thailand. These costs can be diminished through nutritional intervention recognized to effectively decrease the incidence of atopic diseases.     

供应链视角下乳品加工企业原奶供应商管理研究

从供应链视角来看,原奶供应商是乳品加工企业至关重要的管理对象。文章经过对乳品企业原奶供应商的研究,提出：乳品加工企业应与原奶供应商建立合作伙伴关系,并结合企业自身特点选择恰当的供应商,同时注重对供应商供货质量和效率等方面的考核,并据此给予相应的正负激励,从而保证乳品加工企业对原奶供应的有效控制。     

Cocoa Kingdom in China

Alot of people enjoys sipping hot cocoa milk or eat chocolate at leisure time or afternoon break,maybe the raw material cocoa is well known,however,do you know which country is rich in cocoa?